Convert a Airsoft Pistol to Shoot .22lr

Convert a Airsoft Pistol to Shoot .22lr

Common armament cartridge

For other armament with the aforementioned bullet bore, see .22 caliber.

22 Long Rifle (.22 LR)
22 Long Rifle – subsonic hollow betoken (left), standard velocity (heart), hyper-velocity hollow signal (right)
Type	Rimfire cartridge
Place of origin	Usa
Production history
Designer	Union Metallic Cartridge Company
Designed	1884
Specifications
Parent example	.22 Long[1]
Instance blazon	Rimmed, straight[1]
Bullet diameter	0.223 in (5.seven mm) - 0.2255 in (five.73 mm)[1]
Country diameter	0.212 in (5.iv mm)
Neck bore	.226 in (v.seven mm)[ane]
Base of operations diameter	.226 in (five.7 mm)[1]
Rim diameter	.278 in (vii.i mm)[one]
Rim thickness	.043 in (i.1 mm)[one]
Instance length	.613 in (15.vi mm)[1]
Overall length	one.000 in (25.4 mm)[1]
Rifling twist	1:xvi"[1]
Primer blazon	Rimfire[one]
Ballistic operation
Bullet mass/type Velocity Free energy 40 gr (2.half-dozen thousand) solid[two] 1,200 ft/south (370 m/s) 131 ft⋅lbf (178 J) 38 gr (2.5 1000) copper-plated HP[2] 1,260 ft/south (380 m/s) 134 ft⋅lbf (182 J) 32 gr (2.1 chiliad) copper-plated HP[two] one,430 ft/s (440 m/southward) 141 ft⋅lbf (191 J) 31 gr (2.0 g) copper-plated RN[3] 1,750 ft/s (530 m/s) 204 ft⋅lbf (277 J) 30 gr (1.9 g) copper-plated HP[3] i,640 ft/due south (500 thou/southward) 191 ft⋅lbf (259 J)
Test butt length: 18.5 in (470 mm) Source(s): [2] [three]

The 22 Long Rifle or simply 22 LR (metric designation: 5.vi×15mmR) is a long-established diverseness of 22 quotient rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of rifles, pistols, revolvers, smoothbore shotguns, and submachine guns.

In terms of units sold it is by far the most mutual ammunition in the world today. Common uses include hunting and shooting sports. The 22 Long Rifle is effective at short ranges and has little recoil making it ideal for grooming.

History [edit]

American cartridge manufacturer Wedlock Metal Cartridge Company near likely introduced the 22 Long Rifle cartridge as early as 1884.^[4] The round owes its origin to the 22 BB Cap of 1845 and the 22 Brusque of 1857. It combined the case of the 22 Long of 1871 with a 45-grain (ii.9 g) bullet, giving it a longer overall length, a higher muzzle velocity and superior performance as a hunting and target round, rendering the 22 Extra Long cartridges obsolete. The 22 LR uses a heeled bullet, which means that the bullet is the aforementioned diameter as the case, and has a narrower "heel" portion that fits in the case. It is one of the few cartridges that are accustomed by a large variety of rifles and handguns.

Popularity in the United States [edit]

The 22 LR cartridge is pop with both novice shooters and experts. Its minimal recoil and relatively low noise arrive an ideal cartridge for recreational shooting, pocket-size-game hunting, and pest control. 22 LR cadet rifles are commonly used by military cadets and others for bones firearms and marksmanship training. It is used past the Boy Scouts of America for the rifle shooting merit badge.^[5]

The low recoil of the cartridge makes information technology platonic for introductory firearms courses. Novice shooters can be surprised or frightened by the racket and recoil of more powerful rounds. Beginners shooting firearms across their comfort level frequently develop a habit of flinching in an effort to counter anticipated recoil. The resulting addiction impedes correct posture and follow-through at the nearly disquisitional phase of the shot and is difficult to correct. With high recoil eliminated, other errors in marksmanship technique are easier to identify and right.

Available for this round are AR-15 upper receivers and M1911 slide assemblies. Many handgun manufacturers have an upper pistol conversion kit to make it shoot 22 LR armament. These conversions permit shooters to do inexpensively while retaining the handling characteristics of their chosen firearms (with reduced recoil and cage nail). Additionally, 22 LR cartridge conversion kits permit practise at indoor ranges which prohibit high-power firearms. Owners of guns that use gas systems, such as AR-15 sport fashion rifles, unremarkably avert firing non-jacketed 22 LR cartridge ammunition, as the employ of unjacketed ammunition may cause lead-fouling of the gas-port inside the barrel and costly gunsmithing procedures. This tin can usually exist mitigated by swapping the conversion kit for the standard bolt carrier group, and firing several full-powered rounds to clear the gas port and tube of whatsoever accumulated lead fouling. While not 100% effective, the extremely hot incandescent gasses produced by centerfire rifle armament volition assistance to clear any lead fouling from the 22 LR ammunition.

A wide variety of 22 LR armament is available commercially, and the available ammunition varies widely both in price and functioning. Bullet weights among commercially available ammunition range from 20 to 60 grains (1.3 to 3.9 thousand), and velocities vary from 575 to 1,750 ft/south (175 to 533 m/s). 22 LR is the least plush cartridge ammunition available.^[6] Promotional loads for plinking can be purchased in majority for significantly less cost than precision target rounds. The depression cost of ammunition has a substantial result on the popularity of the 22 LR. For this reason, rimfire cartridges are usually used for target practice.

22 LR cartridges are commonly packaged in boxes of 50 or 100 rounds, and are often sold by the 'brick', a carton containing either x boxes of 50 rounds or loose cartridges totaling 500 rounds, or the 'instance' containing 10 bricks totaling five,000 rounds. Annual production is estimated by some at 2–2.5 billion rounds.^{[7] [8]} The NSSF estimates that a large percentage of the The states product of 10 billion cartridges is equanimous of 22 LR.^[ix] Despite the high production figures at that place have occasionally been shortages of 22 LR cartridge in the contiguous United States, most notably during the U.S. ammunition shortage of the belatedly 2000s and early 2010s.

Performance [edit]

Two 22 LR rounds compared to a .45 ACP cartridge

The 22 LR is constructive to 150 yd (140 m), though practical ranges tend to exist less. After 150 yd, the ballistics of the round are such that it will be difficult to compensate for the large "driblet". The relatively curt effective range, depression written report, and lite recoil have made it a favorite for use equally a target-practice cartridge. The accuracy of the cartridge is skillful, but non infrequent; diverse cartridges are capable of the same or better accuracy. A contributing gene in rifles is the transition of even a loftier-velocity cartridge projectile from supersonic to subsonic inside 100 yd (91 m). Equally the bullet slows, the daze wave caused by supersonic travel overtakes the bullet and can disrupt its flying path, causing minor but measurable inaccuracies.

When zeroed for 100 yards (91 thou), the arc-trajectory of the standard high-velocity 22 LR with a 40 gr (2.6 k) bullet has a ii.vii-inch (69 mm) rise at 50 yards (46 k), and a 10.viii-inch (27 cm) drop at 150 yards (140 m).^[10] A 22 LR burglarize needs to exist zeroed for 75 yards (69 one thousand) to avoid overshooting small animals similar squirrels at intermediate distances.^[ten]

Every bit a hunting cartridge, rimfires are mainly used to kill small game up to the size of coyotes.^[11] Although proper shot placement tin kill larger animals such as deer or hog,^[12] it is non recommended considering its depression power may not guarantee a humane kill.^[13] In 2013, an elephant was killed by multiple shots from a 22 LR rifle.^[14]

Because a 22 LR bullet is less powerful than larger cartridges, its danger to humans is often underestimated. In fact, a 22 LR bullet is easily capable of killing or injuring humans. Even later flying 400 yards (370 m), a 22 bullet is even so traveling at about 500 ft/s (150 1000/southward). Ricochets are more than mutual in 22 LR^[xv] projectiles than for more powerful cartridges as the combination of unjacketed lead and moderate velocities allows the projectile to deflect – not penetrate or disintegrate – when hitting hard objects at a glancing bending. A 22 LR bullet tin can ricochet off the surface of water at a low bending of aim. Severe injury may result to a person or object in the line of fire on the opposite shore, several hundred yards abroad.^[16] A 22 LR bullet is capable of traveling 2,000 yards (1,800 thousand).^[17]

Rimfire bullets are by and large either plain lead with a wax coating (for standard-velocity loads) or plated with copper or gilding metal (for high-velocity or hyper-velocity loads). The thin copper layer on plated bullet functions as a lubricant reducing friction between the bullet and the barrel, thus reducing butt wear. Plating also prevents oxidation of the lead bullet. Lead tends to oxidize if stored for long periods. On a plain atomic number 82 bullet, oxide on the bullet'south surface tin increase its bore plenty to either forestall insertion of the cartridge into the chamber, or – with high velocity rounds – cause dangerously high pressures in the barrel, potentially rupturing the cartridge example and injuring the shooter; for that reason, standard and subsonic cartridges normally use a wax lubricant on atomic number 82 bullets.

Variants [edit]

The diverseness of 22 LR loads are often divided into 4 distinct categories, based on nominal velocity:

• Subsonic, which also includes "target" or "friction match" loads, at nominal speeds below one,100 feet per second (340 grand/s).
• Standard-velocity: 1,120–1,135 feet per second (341–346 m/s)
• Loftier-velocity: one,200–one,310 feet per second (370–400 m/s)
• Hyper-velocity, or Ultra-velocity: over i,400 anxiety per second (430 1000/south)

Subsonic [edit]

22 caliber Aguila Sniper Sub-Sonic (right) with 22 long rifle for comparison

Subsonic rounds have a cage velocity of less than the speed of sound (about 1,080 ft/southward (330 m/s)). These rounds are sometimes equipped with extra-heavy bullets of 46–61-grain (three.0–4.0 g) to improve the terminal ballistics of the slower projectile. Conversely, these rounds may comprise trivial more than a primer and an extra-light bullet.

Subsonic rounds are favored by some shooters due to slightly superior accuracy and reduction in noise. Supersonic rounds produce a loud crack which can scare away animals when hunting. Accuracy is reportedly improved with subsonic rounds because a supersonic bullet (or projectile) that slows from supersonic to subsonic speed undergoes drastic aerodynamic changes in this transonic zone that might adversely touch the stability and accurateness of the bullet.^{[18] [ self-published source? ]}

Because the speed of sound in air at 68 °F (20 °C) is nearly ane,115 ft/s (340 yard/s), the subsonic round'due south muzzle velocity is slightly beneath the speed of sound nether many hunting weather condition. However, nether cold air weather condition at 32 °F (0 °C), the speed of sound drops to 1,088 ft/s (332 m/southward), approximately muzzle velocity. Hence, a "subsonic" round used below this temperature may exist supersonic, and during the transition from supersonic to subsonic velocity, it may become unstable, reducing accuracy. To counteract this, some cartridge manufacturers have lowered the speed of their subsonic armament to one,030 ft/due south (310 m/south) or less.

Diverse combinations of subsonic rounds and semiautomatic 22 LR firearms consequence in unreliable cycling of the firearms' deportment, equally the upshot of insufficient recoil energy. Some subsonic rounds utilize heavier bullets (achieving lower velocities) to ensure, as a outcome of increased bullet mass, that enough energy is produced to wheel common blow-dorsum actions.^[19] Equally an example, the Aguila 22 LR SSS "Sniper SubSonic" round, has a 60 gr (iii.nine chiliad) bullet on a 22 short case, providing the cartridge the same overall dimensions equally a 22 long burglarize round. Withal, other problems may be encountered: the heavier and longer bullet of the Aguila cartridge requires a faster barrel twist (by the Greenhill formula) to ensure the bullet remains stable in flight.

Two performance classes of 22 rimfire subsonic rounds be. Some subsonic rounds, such as diverse 22 short and 22 long "CB" rounds, requite about 700 ft/south (210 m/s) velocity with a 29 gr (1.9 g) bullet providing relatively low bear upon energy (41 J at cage). These may not use whatever, or only pocket-size amounts of gunpowder, and have the characteristics of rounds intended only for indoor preparation or target practice rather than hunting. Where these are in 22 LR form, it is only to aid feeding in firearms designed for the cartridge, rather than older 22 CB shooting gallery rifles. The Aguila SSS gives well-nigh 950 ft/s (290 m/s) velocity with a 60-gr bullet offering energy (163 Joules) equivalent to many high velocity 22 long rifle rounds using standard 40-gr bullets. Other heavy-bullet subsonic rounds give similar performance, and are intended for hunting of pocket-sized game, or command of dangerous animals, while avoiding excessive noise.

Standard velocity [edit]

Schlieren high-speed video of a 22 LR travelling in free-flight demonstrating the air pressure dynamics surrounding the bullet

The velocity of standard-velocity 22 LR rounds varies between manufacturers. Some standard velocity ammo may be slightly supersonic-around 1,125 ft/s (343 m/s), other ammo such every bit CCI Standard Velocity 22 LR ammunition is rated at i,070 ft/s (330 yard/southward). Most standard velocity ammo has a bullet weight of 40 gr (2.6 g). Standard-velocity cartridges generate about or slightly supersonic velocities. These rounds generally practise not develop these velocities in handguns considering their brusk barrels do non have full advantage of the slower burning powder.^[20]

High velocity [edit]

Loftier-velocity, copper-plated 22 LR rounds

The 22 long rifle round was originally loaded with black powder. The outset smokeless powder loads were intended to lucifer the standard velocity of the original black-powder rounds. Smokeless powder is more efficient than black powder, and the cartridge cases could hold more powder. Smokeless powder loads, called "loftier speed" or "high velocity", were offered by the major ammunition makers, giving a typical velocity increase of viii% (i,200 anxiety per 2nd (370 thousand/s) to 1,300 feet per second (400 m/s)) while still using the standard twoscore gr (2.6 g) solid or 36 gr (2.3 g) hollow-indicate lead bullet.

Hyper-velocity [edit]

Many 22 LR cartridges utilize bullets lighter than the standard 40 gr (ii.half dozen g), fired at even higher velocities. Hyper-velocity bullets unremarkably weigh around 30 to 32 gr (1.nine to 2.1 thousand) and can have a muzzle velocity of 1,400 to 1,800 feet per second (430 to 550 1000/s). This college velocity is partially due to the employ of lighter bullets.

The CCI Stinger was the commencement hyper-velocity 22 LR cartridge, and provided a significant increment in velocity and energy over standard rimfire rounds. The Stinger case is longer than that of the long rifle; about .702 in (17.eight mm) versus .613 in (15.6 mm) for the long rifle, but the plated hollow point bullet is lighter and shorter at 32 gr (ii.1 g), giving the same overall length equally the long burglarize cartridge. This longer case tin can cause ejection problems in some guns. A powder with a slower burning rate is used to make the most use of the length of a burglarize barrel. Most 22 long rifle powders increase velocity upwards to about 19 in (480 mm) of barrel. The pulverization used in the Stinger increases velocity up to the longest 22 butt length tested by the NRA, 26 in (660 mm).^[21]

Afterward hyper-velocity rounds were introduced by other makers, based on the long rifle example with lighter bullets in the 30-gr weight range and wearisome-burning rifle pulverization loadings. The overall length of many of these cartridges was less than the overall length of the standard 40-gr bullet long rifle cartridge. One example is the Remington Viper; another is the Federal Spitfire.

The CCI Velocitor hyper-velocity round uses the standard long burglarize instance size and a standard weight 40 gr (ii.6 1000) bullet of proprietary hollow-point pattern to augment expansion and trauma. This cartridge has a muzzle velocity of 1,435 ft/s (437 m/south) and matches the overall length of the standard long burglarize cartridge.

Shot cartridges [edit]

Federal 22 LR Bird Shot with full length crimped case

Special 22 LR caliber shot cartridges, usually loaded with No. 12 shot, have also been fabricated. These are often called "ophidian shot," "bird shot" and "rat-shot" due to their use in very brusque range pest control. Such rounds have either a longer brass case that is crimped closed, or a translucent plastic "bullet" that contains the shot and shatters upon firing. In specially fabricated 22-bore shotguns, the shot shells tin can be used for brusk-range skeet shooting and trap shooting at special, scaled-down, dirt targets.

Full metal jacket [edit]

During World War 2, a full metal jacket bullet version of the 22 LR was developed as the T-42 for the silenced High Standard HDM pistol.^[22] The US Ground forces Air Corps procured the Savage Model 24 22 LR/.410 combination gun every bit an air crew survival weapon included in the E series of survival and sustenance kits, primarily to forage for game for food. The 22 LR full metal jacket bullet ammunition was issued with these firearms for military utilize to comply with treaty restrictions on expanding bullets.

The 1961 Army/Air Strength Technical Manual/Order on ammunition lists three types of rimfire CARTRIDGE, Quotient 22: Ball, Long Burglarize:

• Long Burglarize (Lead Bullet), propellant: 1.7 gr smokeless, bullet: 40 gr, overall length: 0.984 inches (25.0 mm).
• Long Rifle (Commercial), propellant: 2.i gr smokeless, bullet: 40 gr, overall length: about 1 inch (25 mm).
• Long Rifle, M24 (Jacketed Bullet), propellant: two.v gr smokeless, bullet: 40.5 gr, overall length: 0.995 inches (25.iii mm).

The first type specifies standard or target velocity 22 LR while the second is common high velocity commercial ammo. While these soft pb round nose bullet types were suitable for training or target practise, they are not legal for use in a war zone. Since 22 LR air coiffure survival weapons would probably be used in a war zone and could be used for defense, the M24 round is loaded with a difficult lead-antimony alloy core bullet with a gilding metal jacket.^[23]

Tracer [edit]

Tracer ammunition is too available in rimfire.^[24]

Cartridge construction [edit]

The traditional 22 rimfire cartridges (BB, CB, short, long, extra long, and long burglarize) differ in structure from more modernistic cartridges in the way the bullet is constructed and held in the case. Bullets for traditional 22 rimfires are the same outside diameter as the case but are synthetic with a narrower cupped "heel" on the base of the bullet which is inserted into the case. The example mouth is and so crimped around the heel, leaving exposed the majority of the bullet bearing surface that contacts the barrel of the gun. The bearing surface of 22 rimfire bullets is often lubricated and the surface is exposed to contamination. This was a common design in the early black powder cartridge era.

In later cartridges including the 22 WRF and 22 WMR rimfires and mod centerfires, the bullet trunk is a compatible diameter and the bearing surface is inserted completely inside the neck of the cartridge case, held in place by tension from the instance neck around the bullet begetting surface (in some cartridges the case mouth maybe also be crimped into a cannelure (groove) in the bullet). The heeled bullet cartridge is considered weaker than the uniform diameter bullet cartridge which encloses the bearing surface of the bullet within the cartridge neck. Overall reliability of heeled bullet rimfire ammunition is loftier, but information technology is lower than the reliability of most centerfire ammunition.

Cartridge length [edit]

The 22 LR uses a straight-walled case. Depending upon the type and the feed mechanism employed, a firearm that is chambered for 22 LR may besides be able to safely sleeping accommodation and burn down the following shorter rimfire cartridges:

• 22 BB, in cap, short, and long lengths
• 22 CB, in cap, brusque, long, and long rifle lengths
• 22 Brusk
• 22 Long

The 22 Long Rifle may too be used in firearms chambered for the obsolete 22 Extra Long.

Usage [edit]

Today, rimfire rounds are mainly used for hunting small pests, for sports shooting, for plinking, and for cheap grooming. The 22 LR is the choice for several shooting events: biathlon, bullseye, plus divisions of benchrest shooting, metallic silhouette and pin shooting, most loftier school, collegiate, Boy Scouts of America, Project Appleseed, 4H shooting events, and many others. It is likewise used in the precision Burglarize and Pistol shooting events at the Olympic Games. Good quality rimfire ammunition tin can be quite accurate. The main advantages are low price, depression recoil, low noise and high accurateness-to-price ratio. The main disadvantage is its depression power; it is better suited for use on pocket-sized game and other minor animals.^[25]

Equally a defensive cartridge, it is considered inadequate by many, though the small size allows very lightweight, easily concealable handguns which can be carried in circumstances where anything larger would exist impractical. Despite their limitations, people can use 22 LR pistols and rifles for defense, and are common simply considering they are prevalent, inexpensive, and widely available.

Almost semi-automatic rifles firing 22 LR cartridges will oftentimes simply piece of work properly when firing standard or high velocity rimfire ammunition, as the low recoil of subsonic rounds is insufficient to cycle the weapon's action. Rifles with transmission deportment practice not accept this trouble. Due to the depression bolt thrust of the 22 LR cartridge, well-nigh self-loading firearms chambered for the cartridge use the directly blowback operation system.

The tiny example of the 22 LR and the subsonic velocities (when using subsonic armament) make it well suited for employ with a firearm suppressor (besides known as silencers or audio moderators). The low volume of powder gases ways that 22 LR suppressors are oft no larger than a bull barrel; the Ruger 10/22 and Ruger MK 2 are mutual choices, considering of their reliability and low cost, and the resulting product is ofttimes nearly duplicate from a balderdash butt model (although weighing far less). Where firearm suppressors are simply minimally restricted, a 22 LR firearm with a suppressor is often favored for plinking, every bit it does not require hearing protection or disturb the neighbors. Local government agencies sometimes use suppressed rimfire weapons for animal control, since dangerous animals or pests can be dispatched in populated areas without causing undue alarm.

The 22 LR has also seen limited usage by police and military snipers. Its principal advantage in this role is its low noise, but it is unremarkably limited to urban operations considering of its short range.^[26]

The Israeli war machine used a suppressed 22 LR burglarize in the 1990s for riot control and to "eliminate agonizing dogs prior to operations", though it is now used less oftentimes as it has been shown to be more than lethal than previously suspected.^[26] Another examples include the use of suppressed High Standard HDM pistols by the American OSS, which was the predecessor organization of the CIA.^[22] Francis Gary Powers was issued a suppressed Loftier Standard for the flight in which he was shot downwards. Suppressed Ruger MK II pistols were used by the United states Navy SEALs in the 1990s.^[27]

Cartridge dimensions [edit]

22 long burglarize cartridge dimensions in inches

22 long burglarize maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimetres (mm).^[28]

The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406 mm (one:sixteen in), 6 grooves, land width = two.sixteen mm, Ø lands = five.38 mm, Ø grooves = 5.58 mm.

According to the official C.I.P. (Committee Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) rulings the 22 long rifle can handle up to 170.00 MPa (24,656 psi) P_max piezo pressure level. In C.I.P. regulated countries every burglarize cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.

Considering the 22 long rifle round normally uses a heeled lead or lightly plated bullet, the nominal bullet diameter is larger than the nominal bore diameter to preclude excessive lead fouling that can occur when shooting atomic number 82 bullets that are the same or slightly smaller than the groove diameter. SAAMI specifies a nominal bullet bore of 0.2255 in with a tolerance of -0.004 in, while the specified bore diameter is 0.222 in.^[29] In practice, 0.224 in or slightly larger bullets are common, with barrel groove diameters commonly around 0.223 in.

Muzzle velocity (nominal) [edit]

• forty-grain (2.6 g) atomic number 82: 1,082 ft/due south (330 thou/s) 22 LR subsonic
• 36-grain (2.iii yard) copper plated pb: 1,328 ft/s (405 m/due south) 22 LR high velocity
• 32-grain (2.1 g) copper plated lead: 1,640 ft/due south (500 chiliad/s) 22 LR hyper-velocity CCI Stinger

Note: actual velocities are dependent on many factors, such equally barrel length of a given firearm and manufacturer of a given batch of ammunition, and will vary widely in practise. The above velocities are typical.

Encounter also [edit]

• .25 ACP
• 220 Rook
• 5 mm quotient
• Cadet rifle
• List of rimfire cartridges
• Table of handgun and burglarize cartridges

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f m h i j k} SAAMI/ANZI. "American National Standard Z299.one-1992." SAAMI (Newtown, Connecticut USA) November 24, 1992.
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "Federal Cartridge Co". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Simpson, Rich. "Remove pesky rodents with certain-shot rimfire rifles". Times-News (Twin Falls, Idaho, USA) March 28, 2008.
4. ^ Goff, Byron: .22 Long Rifle Origin, page 7. Single Shot Rifle Journal, Vol 72, No 4, 2019.
5. ^ BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS Transmission (PDF). BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA. 2015. p. 12. ISBN978-0-8395-0004-ix. Archived (PDF) from the original on April eleven, 2018. Retrieved April eleven, 2018.
6. ^ "Top 5 .22 Long Rifle Loads". Americanhunter.org. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved April xi, 2018.
7. ^ "Forensic Assay: Weighing Bullet Pb Evidence". Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology. 2004. Archived from the original on March iii, 2009. Retrieved September ix, 2007.
8. ^ Simpson, Layne. "Rimfire Hunting Cartridges". Petersen's Hunting. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
9. ^ Grant, Jim (January 18, 2017). "Top 3 Calibers To Stock In 2017". Shooting Sports Retailer. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
10. ^ ^{a b} "Hornady's New .17 Mach ii". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
11. ^ Massaro, Philip (Apr 17, 2016). "Top 5 .22 Long Rifle Loads". American Hunter. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
12. ^ Johnson, Grand.D. (October 19, 2012). ".22LR: The Best Survival Ammunition?". GunDigest.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved Jan 25, 2017.
13. ^ "Best .22LR Rifles For Hunting Small Game & Survival: Rimfire Rifle Reviews". WildernessToday.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
14. ^ Fredrickson, Terry (March 26, 2013). "Elephant killing probe heats upwards". world wide web.bangkokpost.com . Retrieved January sixteen, 2020.
15. ^ "17 HMR vs 22 LR: The Ultimate Battle and Which is Better!". Patriotic Hunter. Archived from the original on Feb 15, 2019. Retrieved Feb 14, 2019.
16. ^ Fadala, Sam (1989). The Volume of the 20-2 (1 ed.). South Hackensack, New Bailiwick of jersey: Stoeger Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN978-0-88317-149-3. Later the bullet glanced off of the h2o, its remaining velocity was 1195 fps. But 43 fps were lost... The missile remains lethal subsequently a ricochet.
17. ^ "Range of a Handgun Bullet". The Physics Handbook. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
18. ^ JEFFREY., STRICKLAND, PRESIDENT (2014). HANDBOOK OF HANDGUNS. [S.fifty.]: LULU COM. p. 206. ISBN9781300973294. OCLC 1020871429.
19. ^ "The Pros and Cons of Subsonic Cartridges". Fieldandstream.com. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
20. ^ ".22 Long Rifle - Close Focus Inquiry - Ballistic Testing Services". Closefocusresearch.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
21. ^ Stinger - Rimfire Research & Evolution. "Rimfire Research & Evolution". Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved July x, 2016.
22. ^ ^{a b} Kokalis, P. 1000 (August 2002). "OSS Silenced Pistol" (PDF). The Small Arms Review. 5 (11). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
23. ^ Army Tech Manual TM9-1305-200 / Air Strength Tech Order TO 11A13-1-101 June 1961
24. ^ Dan Shideler (September fifteen, 2010). The Greatest Guns of Gun Assimilate. Krause Publications. p. 148. ISBN978-1-4402-1414-ane. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
25. ^ "Federal Premium: Ballistics Detail". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
26. ^ ^{a b} "Ruger x/22 Suppressed Sniper Rifle". Archived from the original on Oct 19, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
27. ^ Warner, Ken (1993). Gun Digest (47 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: DBI Books. p. 48. ISBN978-0-87349-131-0. From the Mossad (Israel's intelligence agency) to U.s. Navy SEALs, the silenced Ruger is now reported the favored tool for secret operations.
28. ^ "C.I.P. TDCC datasheet .22 Long Rifle" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
29. ^ .22 LR SAAMI specification (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on August 24, 2015, retrieved June 5, 2014

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to .22 LR.

• 22LR Ballistics Chart for 27 different cartridges
• Ballistics By The Inch 22 Results (including 22 Long Rifle).

Convert a Airsoft Pistol to Shoot .22lr

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